Disappearing Farmland

Growing urbanization in developing countries has substantially changed the economy and, in turn, people's occupations. Increasingly, farmers are employing their land for purposes other than agriculture. In this Globalist Bookshelf selection from "Dirt," David R. Montgomery examines the consequences of the loss of farmland around the world.

We can't afford to lose any more farmland. Fifty years from now, every hectare of agricultural land will be crucial. Every farm that gets paved over today means that the world will support fewer people down the road.

In India, where we would expect farmland to be sacred, farmers near cities are selling off topsoil to make bricks for the booming housing market.

Diminishing resources

Developing nations simply cannot afford to sell off their future this way, just as the developed world cannot pave its way to sustainability. Agricultural land should be viewed - and treated - as a trust held by farmers today for farmers tomorrow.

Still, farms should be owned by those who work them - by people who know their land and who have a stake in improving it. Tenant farming is not in society's best interest. Private ownership is essential - as absentee land lords give little thought to safeguarding the future.

As much as climate change, the demand for food will be a major driver of global environmental change throughout the coming decades. Over the past century, the effects of long-term soil erosion were masked by bringing new land under cultivation and developing fertilizers, pesticides and crop varieties that compensate for declining soil productivity.

The future of farming

However, the greatest benefits of such technological advances accrue in applications to deep, organic-rich topsoil. Agrotech fixes become progressively more difficult to maintain as soil thins, because crop yields decline exponentially with soil loss.

Coupled with the inevitable end of fossil-fuel-derived fertilizers, the ongoing loss of cropland and soil poses the problem of feeding a growing population from a shrinking land base.

J. Peterman

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