Fourth Estate

Charles Miller: Maybe College Doesn't Pay Off, After All

Charles Miller: Maybe College Doesn't Pay Off, After All The Chronicle of Higher Education The former chairman of the federal Commission on the Future of Higher Education has accused the College Board of acting like a "cheerleader" for higher education and inflating its estimates of the financial payoff to holders of bachelor’s degrees.

The Burden of the College Admissions Process

The Burden of the College Admissions Process New York Times A look at the stress of the college admissions season and the heavy toll it takes on students.

The Savage Truth: How to Pay for College

The Savage Truth: How to Pay for College The Street Imagine being a 24-year-old woman, graduating from college with more than $65,000 in debt.

5 Myths About Coping With College Washington Post Aside from coughing up the tuition, how hard could it be to get your money's worth out of your university years?

Summer is in the air, which means hordes of newly minted high school graduates will soon be considering the vast chunks of debt required to attend the college of their choice and wondering if it's all worth it.

The good news is that financially, the answer is an unequivocal "yes." Legions of surveys consistently show college degrees result in higher wages. Arizona State University business researchers recently calculated that the average college grad will earn $1 million more over his lifetime than someone who stopped at high school. That works out to an average rate of return of 12 percent annually, a far sight better than recent stock market averages.

That corresponds with the most recent Census Bureau figures, which peg lifetime earnings at $1.2 million for a high school graduate, $1.6 million for someone with an associate degree and $2.1 million for the holder of a bachelor's degree.

But certainly a college degree is no guarantee of big wages - ask a friend of mine who for years led the competition for Most Overeducated Busboy. And the absence of a degree is not a guarantee of penury. Ask any of the following college dropouts if they think failure to complete their coursework held them back:

  • Bill Gates
  • Steve Jobs
  • Ted Turner
  • Tom Hanks
  • J. Paul Getty
  • Larry Ellison
  • David Geffen

And what of non-monetary rewards? Educators have been complaining for decades that a college degree is becoming increasingly meaningless as an indicator of ability or knowledge. In the most recent application of the National Assessment of Adult Literacy, only 31 percent of college graduates scored at the "proficient" level, meaning they could read lengthy English texts with adequate comprehension.

Certainly it's possible to go through four years of college and escape without significant effects on literacy, intelligence or knowledge of the world. Consider this actual grant application submitted by a liberal arts grad:

My research plan is to go to one of the many research libraries that exist in the United States and read poetry. I will analyze the poetry I like and keep notes on what I read. This process could take anywhere from one month to a year. I hope to develop a play or a novel or a cook book based on my readings at a later date. I am requesting $10,000 for travel, lodging, and meals during this time. I may want to take a research assistant with me so an extra $5000 would help.

Don't get us wrong: College can be a life-changing, mind-expanding experience, an opportunity to develop intellectual habits that will keep you on your toes throughout your life. If that's what you want it to be.

But if you're more interested in the binge drinking and money-grubbing aspects of the experience and plan to make it your motto to do as little actual work as possible, might we suggest one of the fine diploma mills that used to advertise in the back of Rolling Stone?

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18 Members’ Opinions
May 01, 2008 1:25 AM
83 ExPat said...

I'm not sure of the value of a college education. Especially if we're talking about earning a living. My second career didn't require a college degree and I've made more money than in my first career that had a degree requirement.

Obviously some careers require the extra academic years.

But for every doctor, lawyer or research scientist, you often hear about the Ph.d who drives a truck or who works at a fast food place. Donald Trump once said in his book "The Art of the Deal" that MBA's were okay at number crunching but they were not very creative or imaginative in business. Of course, he's a bit of a hypocrite since he made his children go to the finest colleges.

My oldest son was a musician and struggling graphic artist, who turned his skills into an executive position with a major record company. My second oldest son decided after high school to enter a trade. He's 25 and clears about $130,000 a year working with marble and granite. When he becomes a contractor he'll probably make more.

If a college education was necessary to make a good living then all the pro basketball players would have a Ph.d

The ability to think and solve problems does not require a college degree. But it is no doubt necessary in some fields. Brain surgery comes to mind. If it's about money, I know plumbers who make more than brain surgeons.

May 01, 2008 8:03 AM
367 Mr. Roush said...

Just remember, the difference between an electrician and a plumber is a degree. Oh, and a paycheck.

May 01, 2008 12:05 PM
141 PeterLake said...

As was pointed out in the last two paragraphs of Mr. Peterman’s "thought generator" for today, the value of a college education depends upon whether one merely attends college or truly participates in it.

Back in my former life, when evaluating job applicants for non-technical functions, especially those without previous work experience, I considered a college degree as a demonstration that the job candidate has the ability to learn at a theoretical level. Insofar as technical careers, (which in our case was hardware and software development for the telecommunications industry) a successful degree was a sure ticket in do to the shortage of experience at the time.

Eventually though, I believe it’s a combination of knowledge (no matter how that knowledge is acquired) and experience that yields wisdom. The ability to consistently translate wisdom into proper action is a fairy decent barometer of success in any field.

I guess I would say that a college degree is surely not a silver bullet to success, nor is the lack of a degree necessarily a barrier.

May 01, 2008 12:30 PM
Spinner said...

Another point here. If the degree is important to the profession one seeks, then get it. But get it somewhere that you can afford. My husband has three graduate degrees, two from a prestigious school for his field. He then taught at two expensive liberal arts colleges. He then went into consulting and really got a wake-up call. Nobody cares which college he went to (maybe Harvard is a bit of an exception), all people care about is if he could do the job. Nobody ever asked what his grade point average was, what he wrote his PhD dissertation on, what publications he had. Simply, could he do the job, do it expediently, do it right?

Even if you go in for some delicate surgery, do you examine your doctor's diplomas on the wall? Do you ask where he took his residency? Or do you just care that he has a good track record performing that particular type of surgery? So why go to some prestigious, expensive school that will leave you with a gazillion dollar debt? Do your first two years at a community college and then transfer to a state school. If you want to learn, you can learn anywhere...even a corn field if you have the right stack of books. Yes, you do have to want to learn, but learning doesn't mean you have to spend way too much to do so. Our son could very well have gone to an expensive, prestigious college, but he found a secondary state school and declared that it was just what he wanted and really flourished there. He is a great success now and nobody even asks where he went to school. Also, the small, expensive, liberal arts colleges simply can't have the library facilities that a large state university can offer so when the students at that small college need to write a major term paper, where do they go for in-depth data? The large university close by. So why pay the big fees when you use the facilities of the place with the lesser fees?

As you can see, you have definitely hit a sensitive soapbox of mine...

May 01, 2008 12:43 PM
244 Onc Doc said...

I work in a "degree required" field, medicine. A degree does not confer ability upon the recipient, however. This is clearly evidenced by the number of truly awful physicians I have encountered over the years. We all get the same education, have access to the same treatment tools, and yet some of us have patient recovery rates two or three times higher than others. It's not a skill we acquired in the lecture halls of the universities, I can assure you.

May 01, 2008 1:12 PM

I find that a lot of college graduates that I have been exposed to, come out of college with a degree, which leads to great salary expectations in fields where they know nothing. The only thing that I learned in college that I use today was an intellectual curiosty. Then, of course this was long ago, you started at the bottom and learned your way up. I think, if I had gone to college in my mid twenties, instead of my late teens, I would have been mature enough to actually learn something. Maybe some sort of mandatory public service prior to college would motivate young people, that ought to raise some fevor.

J. Peterman
May 01, 2008 2:22 PM
chatterbox said...

college is a 4 year adjustment period between apron strings and boot straps.

May 01, 2008 2:44 PM
MACKDADDY1 said...

My personal observation after having worked in the higher education system for over seven years as an Adminitrative Assistant to the VP of Academic Affairs and Dean of Students, is that having a doctorate or any degree is not necessarily a prerequisite to financial independence. There were many employees without degrees within this particular college system who made more money than those with their doctorate. For instance, the grounds manager made a considerable amount more than most of the tenured professors. The grounds manager did not have any college credits just common sense and experience. I can say that most of the professors who taught there did so for the obvious right reasons and not financial motives. Thank heavens... there wouldn't have been any teachers otherwise. So much for college being a necessity. I, on the other hand prefer my physicians and attorneys to have that little piece of paper framed and proudly displayed.

Mr. Peterman is certainly correct that a short public service stint or at least a mandatory delay of some sort may mature young people and motivate an appreciation for higher education. As for myself, I wasn't mature enough to appreciate a college degree until my early forties. My first attempt at age 18 was a major disaster. When I did finally make it back...I can honestly say it was a very difficult but enjoyable experience but as for the financial gain...not so much. I am one of those people who do their job because they love it.

May 01, 2008 3:11 PM
TrishGA said...

Like all surveys, you need the details behind the numbers. I have read contrary reports confirming that while starting salaries of college grads are typically higher, over time, actual job experience outweighs this advantage....with the wage gap narrowing dramatically between those with degrees and those without (when compared within the same field of work).

And for highly specialized fields like medicine, there is a trade-off for these high incomes - namely student debt the size of a mortgage that most don't have paid off until their mid 40's (so, how far ahead are they really?)

IS college necessary? As more and more young adults achieve degrees, it is quickly becoming a disadvantage NOT to have one as you first enter the work force....if for no other reason than the "competition" does.

However, success in any field still comes down to good old-fashioned hard work and learning your way up.....and is a large part of reaching that 2.1 million lifetime earning level. We should do a better job of preparing our college students for this reality.

May 01, 2008 3:28 PM
141 PeterLake said...

Similar to MACKDADDY1, My first try at college was at 16 (I was part of an experimental group of combining some elementary grades) and I sure was not close to being prepared to do justice to the privilege I was offered of a higher education. It took me almost two decades before I went back to earn my degree. I was already holding a good position that on paper stated that a degree was required, but I went back to tie up what I thought of as a loose end, and also to fulfill a promise made to my parents. I loved, appreciated, and took full advantage of the college experience the second time around.

I too feel there is a lot of merit to Mr. Peterman's thought regarding some type of productive bridge between High School and College.

As far as doctors and lawyers go, I would prefer to see their undefeated records posted on a wall, right next to their diplomas.

May 01, 2008 3:58 PM
Neighbor kid said...

Definitely agree with Mr. Peterman. I went to college right after high school and "wound up" with a degree that I have never used. I really didn't even do that well when Jeopardy was on and that topic came up.

I did get a lot out of graduate school in my thirties after I had some work/life experience under my belt and knew what I wanted to study. I woould vote to take off at least a couple of years!

May 01, 2008 4:13 PM
376 The One at the Desk said...

It's true, many times, that one can leave college - in fact, any place of learning - feeling like that certain knowledge isn't applicable in any circumstance one might face in the coming years, and beyond such coming years, one will probably have forgotten it all anyway. Just look in today's math classes and you'll hear echoed moans of "When will we even use this stuff?" But further than the usefulness of the education is the intrinsic value of the education itself, i.e., the knowledge gained. There's no fault in knowing more, regardless of if you're going to use the knowledge or not. There's that old 'knowledge is power' axiom that comes up every so often in our lives; I think that it's universally applicable.

May 01, 2008 4:53 PM
Whig1776 said...

So Sen. Blutarsky was correct? Seven years of college, down the drain?

May 01, 2008 6:00 PM
83 ExPat said...

Here's a modest proposal for everyone's consideration.

At age 16, begin providing an apprenticeship in a trade for those who want it. They can work on projects for the public good. At age 16, give the option to do a 2 year paid community service of some type that would benefit society in some positive way. The options could be numerous. work in a hospital, clean up the environment, etc. Perhaps school would be two days a week and the other three working in a trade or community service.

Also, why don't we let people take a two year break from work at certain points in their lives to pursue advanced education. The two years could be paid for with a combination part-time work and social security. Even for those who didn't want to pursue higher education for those two years, why couldn't they work part-time, collect social security, and enrich themselves. How about two years learning to paint, play a musically instrument, or writing the great American novel. Or two years volunteering with Habitat for Humanity, the Peace Corps or your local church or humanist group doing something you believe in.

I think we would put off collecting social security full time for many years under that proposal. we could have long, productive careers (maybe several careers) and delay full social security till much later in life. Doesn't it make sense to dip into you social security occasionally through out your life for personal enrichment and community service?

Does this make sense or not?

May 01, 2008 6:21 PM
Spinner said...

Like taking a sabbatical! Sounds like a plan. Back to my husband,... but he sold his consulting company at age 55 because he had so much else he wanted to do that he didn't have time to do, what with all the work that his company got. He was concerned that he would end up too old and addled to be able to accomplish any of it if he didn't take a stand. Three books and the digitizing of a collection to be given to a (state) university later, and he feels that these are the most productive years of his life. Continuing education is not only important to the individual, but to society as a whole as it would mean that people would continue to contribute a great deal for their whole lives. So, yes, yes!

By the way, the 3 grad. degrees he has is because after the first one, he realized that that field wasn't what he wanted to do when he grew up.. at 28. He found someone who could put him through grad. school, married me, quit his very lucrative job, and off we headed to other parts of the country so he could start over.

May 01, 2008 7:34 PM

I think that knowledge for knowledge's sake is somewhat good. My only problem with that is, what a waste. Imagine knowing everything about farming, and never have farmed. Like Ben Franklin, who said," I never read for pleasue, I only read for profit." I think he meant that he read to learn about something that he might apply one day. The classics have tremendous application today, but not directly. Sooo, read and learn as much as you can, because we aren't smart enough to predict when it will be used.

J. Peterman
May 01, 2008 8:01 PM
83 ExPat said...

Mr. Peterman,

You bring up a good point. It's one I've thought about from time to time in my life. It's the tension between being a specialist and a generalist. Being a professional and a dabbler in many things. I believe you should be well-read and physically fit, and have a enough knowledge to appreciate and understand art and science. I think this was called a "liberal arts/humanities" education at one time. The classics (especially philosophy) are still important. To me it's about ethics. I like Aristotle's concepts of ethics.

But when you begin a professional career you become more specialized and focused. But you have to take some "mental health" time....and my mental health time is reading, especially for profit. Interestingly, I find my "for profit reading" is studying architecture or landscape design and books on the psychology of stock trading. Why stock trading? It's high pressure like real estate and there are interesting techniques to make my day exciting and productive. Why architecture and design? It's related to my profession (real estate). I find it enriches me, it's enjoyable, and makes me a better real estate professional.

So I agree that knowledge for the sake of knowledge is a waste of time unless it will at some point solve a problem or help you see an opportunity.

Can we honor the spirit of the Renaissance while being a highly focused professional? I think so. To do otherwise is to become a a one-dimensional automaton. We have enough of those man and women running this country to encourage any more of them.

more on the honor roll
May 01, 2008 8:19 PM
376 The One at the Desk said...

It certainly would be a waste to know everything about farming, but that's the thing: one can never know if one will never farm. So I have to agree with you, Mr Peterman: one should pursue knowledge as tenaciously as one possibly can. So I guess it's not a question of diplomas and degrees and formal educations so much as simply learning.

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Mr. Peterman,

You bring up a good point. It's one I've thought about from time to time in my l...

ExPat

May 01, 2008 8:01 PM

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